Plants

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Plants

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A Plant Story.....

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What is a Flower?

A flower is the part of the plant that makes the seeds. The main parts of a flower are the carpels and stamens. These parts are often found in the center of the flower. There are egg cells in the carpel and pollen cells in the stamen. All flowers have four basic parts:
sepals, petals, carpels and stamen.
Different flowers have different numbers and shapes of these parts.

FLOWER PARTS

Fertilize Egg Cells

How Plants Grow

Every root grows a mass of tiny hairs near its tip to absorb water from the soil.

Root hair are cells. They take water to the main root. Then the main root brings the water to the main plant. The roots also help hold the plant in the ground.

The inside of a root has four different parts. The epidermis is the outside part. It is like our skin. It protects the inside parts of the root. Plants take in water from the soil through their roots. The water passes through the vascular rays until it reaches the center of the root, the stele (endodermis). This is where the veins are located. The veins are called xylem. They carry the water and food through the plant. Between the epidermis and the stele is the fleshy cortex.

Cross section of a root.

Vascular system of plants which consists of xylem and phloem.

Photosynthesis

Photosynthesis Equation

Animals inhale oxygen and exhale carbon dioxide. Green plants are the only plants that produce oxygen and make food, which is called photosynthesis. Photosynthesis means "putting together with light". This takes place in chloroplasts, which have chlorophyll in them. Chlorophyll absorbs the sunlight. From sunlight, green plants combine carbon dioxide and water to make sugar and oxygen. Green plants use sugar to make starch, fats and proteins. There are tiny pores called stomata. Carbon dioxide and oxygen enter and leave through the stomata respectively.

The Process of Photosynthesis

CHLOROPLAST



Chloroplast contains chlorophyll which absorbs sunlight.

STOMATA

Oxygen and carbon dioxide leave the plant through stomata.

Monocots and Dicots

SEEDS

A Bean Seed is a Dicot.

Dicots are seeds that have two parts, such as a bean seed. A bean seed that has soaked in water for a day or two has a soft outside covering. This is the seed coat. The seed coat would probably slip off the seed easily. The bean seed has a slit going down the middle of the seed. Inside is a tiny plant called an embryo. The two large parts of the seeds are called cotyledons. They supply the food for the young plant when it's growing. The bean seed has two parts. Therefore, it is a dicotyledon, or dicot for short.

A Corn Seed is a Monocot.







Monocots are seeds that only have one cotyledon, such as the corn seed. The corn seed does have a seed coat, but it does not slip off as easily as the bean seed. The corn seed will not split like the bean seed. It stays in one piece. One cotyledon surrounds the embryo. It is lighter color than the rest of the seed and is called the endosperm. It provides food for the growing plant. The corn seed is a monocotyledon, or monocot. "Mono" comes from the Greek word monos, meaning "one".







Characteristics of Monocots








Characteristics of Dicots.

Germination

COTYLEDONS

Monocots seed has one cotyledons (purple in colour) while dicot seed has two cotyledons.



Germination happens when a baby plant is growing. The plant is between the cotyledons. In the figure below is a seed. The seed is underground and is collecting nutrients.

SEED GERMINATION

When a seed starts to grow, we say it germinates. The cotyledons store food for the baby plant inside the seed. When the seed starts to germinate, the first thing to come out is the main root. The skin starts to split and the tiny shoot straightens, carrying the cotyledons with it. The main root gets bigger. Side roots appear and so do leaves. To grow, the seed's growing conditions usually have to be damp, warm and dark like springtime soil. A dry seed will stay dormant unless it soaks in some water. Then, it will start to germinate.

Plants And Our Environment

Plants are important to the balance of our nature. Plants provide animals and people with food, shelter, useful tools and products.

Plants are very useful to humans. We eat many different types of plants. Some products are made from plants such as shampoos, rubber, paper and camera film. In some countries, fermented sugar cane is used instead of gasoline.

Animals use plants in many different ways. They eat many fruits and other plants. Many animals use plants for shelter. Plants also provide animals with protection from predators. The destruction of different plants sometimes leads to animals becoming endangered.

The orang utan is an endangered animal. Part of the reason it is endangered because of the shortage of food. The orang utan eats different types of fruit in the rainforest. The destruction of the rainforest causes the shortage of food.



The panda is another endangered species that is partly endangered because of the shortage of food. The panda can eat up to 40 pounds of bamboo each day. The panda is dying out because of the destruction and the dying of the bamboo forests.